India’s lakes are remarkable natural wonders, showcasing ecological diversity and immense cultural significance. From tranquil freshwater reservoirs to saline marvels, they are integral to the country’s natural heritage. In this article, we explore the top 10 largest lakes in India, highlighting their size, location, type, significance, and the best time to visit.
1. Vembanad Lake: The Largest Lake in India
Located in the state of Kerala, Vembanad Lake is the largest lake in India and a major attraction for tourists. Covering an area of approximately 2,033 square kilometers, it stretches across several districts, including Alappuzha, Kottayam, and Ernakulam. The lake is a vital part of Kerala’s famous backwater system and hosts the annual Nehru Trophy Boat Race. Its ecosystem supports a variety of flora and fauna, making it a hotspot for biodiversity.
- Size: 2,033 square kilometers
- Location: Kerala
- Type: Brackish lagoon
- Famous For: Kerala backwaters, Nehru Trophy Boat Race
- Best Time to Visit: November to February
Vembanad Lake is India's largest lake, spanning several districts in Kerala. It is a key part of the state's iconic backwater ecosystem, offering houseboat cruises, vibrant festivals, and rich biodiversity.
2. Chilika Lake: Asia's Largest Brackish Water Lagoon
Situated in Odisha, Chilika Lake is the second-largest lake in India and the largest coastal lagoon in Asia. Spanning over 1,100 square kilometers, the lake is known for its ecological diversity and is a designated Ramsar site. Chilika Lake serves as a wintering ground for migratory birds and supports local fishing communities.
- Size: 1,100 square kilometers
- Location: Odisha
- Type: Brackish water lagoon
- Famous For: Migratory birds, Irrawaddy dolphins
- Best Time to Visit: November to February
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Located along Odisha's eastern coast, Chilika Lake is a paradise for bird watchers and nature lovers. The lake's rich ecosystem is home to diverse wildlife and traditional fishing villages.
3. Shivaji Sagar Lake: Largest Artificial Lake in India
Shivaji Sagar Lake, created by the Koyna Dam in Maharashtra, is the largest artificial lake in India, covering a surface area of 891.78 square kilometers. It is a major source of hydroelectric power and irrigation for the state. The surrounding hills add to the lake's scenic beauty, attracting nature enthusiasts.
- Size: 891.78 square kilometers
- Location: Maharashtra
- Type: Reservoir
- Famous For: Hydroelectric power generation, scenic beauty
- Best Time to Visit: September to February
Formed by the Koyna Dam, Shivaji Sagar Lake is vital for irrigation and hydroelectricity in Maharashtra. Its serene environment and lush surroundings attract many visitors.
4. Loktak Lake: The Floating Paradise of Manipur
Nestled in Manipur, Loktak Lake is famous for its floating islands called Phumdis. This freshwater lake spans about 287 square kilometers and serves as the lifeline of the region, supporting local agriculture and fishing. Loktak Lake is also home to the endangered Sangai deer, found in Keibul Lamjao National Park.
- Size: 287 square kilometers
- Location: Manipur
- Type: Freshwater lake
- Famous For: Floating islands (Phumdis), Sangai deer
- Best Time to Visit: October to March
Loktak Lake is renowned for its Phumdis, which are unique floating vegetation clusters. The Keibul Lamjao National Park, located on one of these Phumdis, is the last natural habitat of the endangered Sangai deer.
5. Pangong Tso: The Enchanting Himalayan Lake
Pangong Tso, located at an altitude of 4,350 meters in Ladakh, is a saline lake shared between India and China. It covers approximately 134 kilometers, with about 40% lying in India. Known for its ever-changing hues, Pangong Tso has gained immense popularity due to its scenic beauty and feature in Bollywood movies.
- Size: 134 kilometers (length)
- Location: Ladakh
- Type: Endorheic saltwater lake
- Famous For: Scenic views, changing colors
- Best Time to Visit: May to September
Nestled in the Himalayas, Pangong Tso is known for its mesmerizing beauty and constantly shifting hues. Its location at a high altitude makes it a favorite among adventurers and filmmakers.
6. Pulicat Lake: A Birdwatcher's Haven
Pulicat Lake, located on the border of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, is the second-largest brackish water lake in India. Spanning around 759 square kilometers, it is a significant habitat for migratory birds, including flamingos, during the winter season. The lake supports fishing and salt production.
- Size: 759 square kilometers
- Location: Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
- Type: Brackish water lagoon
- Famous For: Migratory birds, flamingos
- Best Time to Visit: November to March
Pulicat Lake is a crucial sanctuary for migratory birds, making it an essential destination for ornithologists. The lake's surroundings provide stunning landscapes, ideal for eco-tourism.
7. Sardar Sarovar Lake: A Marvel of Engineering
Created by the Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat, this reservoir spans an impressive 375 square kilometers. The lake is essential for irrigation, drinking water supply, and hydroelectric power. Its surroundings offer picturesque views, attracting tourists from across the country.
- Size: 375 square kilometers
- Location: Gujarat
- Type: Reservoir
- Famous For: Irrigation, hydroelectric power
- Best Time to Visit: October to February
Created by the Sardar Sarovar Dam, this reservoir sustains agriculture and drinking water supply in the region. Its scenic beauty is enhanced by the nearby Statue of Unity.
8. Wular Lake: Largest Freshwater Lake in India
Situated in Jammu and Kashmir, Wular Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Asia, covering an area of 189 square kilometers. It plays a crucial role in flood control and supports local fishing communities. The lake is surrounded by lush green mountains, offering a serene environment.
- Size: 189 square kilometers
- Location: Jammu and Kashmir
- Type: Freshwater lake
- Famous For: Flood control, fishing
- Best Time to Visit: April to October
Wular Lake is a natural freshwater reservoir that plays a critical role in the region’s ecosystem. Surrounded by the Himalayan ranges, it offers spectacular views and a peaceful retreat.
9. Sambhar Lake: India's Largest Inland Saltwater Lake
Located in Rajasthan, Sambhar Lake is the largest inland saltwater lake in India, covering approximately 230 square kilometers. The lake is known for salt production and attracts a variety of migratory birds. Its unique landscape makes it a popular destination for nature lovers.
- Size: 230 square kilometers
- Location: Rajasthan
- Type: Saltwater lake
- Famous For: Salt production, migratory birds
- Best Time to Visit: October to March
Sambhar Lake is an essential salt production hub and a Ramsar site. Its shimmering salt flats and the presence of migratory birds make it a visual and ecological treasure.
10. Kolleru Lake: A Wetland of International Importance
Kolleru Lake, located in Andhra Pradesh, spans around 245 square kilometers. It is a freshwater lake and a Ramsar site, known for its rich biodiversity. The lake supports local agriculture and serves as a haven for numerous bird species.
- Size: 245 square kilometers
- Location: Andhra Pradesh
- Type: Freshwater lake
- Famous For: Biodiversity, bird sanctuary
- Best Time to Visit: November to February
Conclusion
India’s lakes, each unique in size, type, and significance, showcase the nation’s incredible natural wealth. From tranquil backwaters to high-altitude wonders, these lakes offer unforgettable experiences. Whether you are an adventurer, nature lover, or cultural enthusiast, visiting these magnificent water bodies is a journey worth undertaking.
